{"id":1274,"date":"2023-10-26T12:58:10","date_gmt":"2023-10-26T10:58:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/boomandsmart.com\/nemoznost-civilneho-sudu-ignorovat-zavery-trestneho-sudu\/"},"modified":"2023-10-26T12:58:10","modified_gmt":"2023-10-26T10:58:10","slug":"nemoznost-civilneho-sudu-ignorovat-zavery-trestneho-sudu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/boomandsmart.com\/sk\/nemoznost-civilneho-sudu-ignorovat-zavery-trestneho-sudu\/","title":{"rendered":"(Ne)mo\u017enos\u0165 civiln\u00e9ho s\u00fadu ignorova\u0165 z\u00e1very trestn\u00e9ho s\u00fadu"},"content":{"rendered":"

 <\/p>\n

V\u00a0r\u00e1mci obhajoby na\u0161ich klientov v\u00a0trestnom konan\u00ed sa stret\u00e1vame so situ\u00e1ciou, kedy sa vo\u010di tej \u2013 ktorej osobe vedie trestn\u00e9 st\u00edhanie (ba dokonca aj v\u00e4zobn\u00e9), ktor\u00e9 sa na \u201ekonci d\u0148a uk\u00e1\u017ee\u201c ako ned\u00f4vodn\u00e9\u00a0 a\u00a0s\u00fad doty\u010dn\u00fa osobu oslobod\u00ed spod ob\u017ealoby. V\u00a0takomto pr\u00edpade sa m\u00f4\u017ee doty\u010dn\u00e1 osoba dom\u00e1ha\u0165 \u201eod\u0161kodnenia\u201c v\u00a0zmysle z\u00e1kona \u010d. 514\/2003 Z.z. o\u00a0zodpovednosti za \u0161kodu pri v\u00fdkone verejnej moci a\u00a0o\u00a0zmene a\u00a0doplnen\u00ed niektor\u00fdch v\u00a0platnom znen\u00ed (\u010falej ako \u201eZ\u00e1kon\u201c). \u010co v\u0161ak v\u00a0pr\u00edpade, ak konaj\u00faci civiln\u00fd s\u00fad zamietne n\u00e1rok na n\u00e1hradu \u0161kody sp\u00f4sobenej pri v\u00fdkone verejnej moci z\u00a0d\u00f4vodu aplik\u00e1cie pr\u00e1vnej z\u00e1sady \u201ez bezpr\u00e1via nevznik\u00e1 pr\u00e1vo<\/em>\u201c, a\u00a0to napriek tomu, \u017ee v\u00a0trestnom konan\u00ed nebolo preuk\u00e1zan\u00e9, \u017ee by sa doty\u010dn\u00e1 osoba dopustila protipr\u00e1vneho konania napl\u0148uj\u00faceho skutkov\u00fa podstatu trestn\u00e9ho \u010dinu, pre ktor\u00fd jej bolo vznesen\u00e9 obvinenie?<\/p>\n

Na uveden\u00fa ot\u00e1zku d\u00e1vame odpove\u010f v\u00a0na\u0161om pr\u00edspevku a\u00a0to v\u00a0kontexte ned\u00e1vneho pr\u00edpadu, v\u00a0ktorom sa n\u00e1m \u00faspe\u0161ne podarilo presadi\u0165 pr\u00e1va klienta a\u00a0konaj\u00faci dovolac\u00ed s\u00fad vo svojom uznesen\u00ed sp. zn. 9Cdo\/161\/2022 zo d\u0148a 23.08.2023 uznal ako d\u00f4vodn\u00fa na\u0161u n\u00e1mietku nespr\u00e1vneho aplikovania pr\u00e1vnej z\u00e1sady \u201ez bezpr\u00e1via nevznik\u00e1 pr\u00e1vo\u201c.<\/p>\n

Stru\u010dn\u00e9 intro k\u00a0pr\u00e1vnej z\u00e1sade \u201ez bezpr\u00e1via nevznik\u00e1 pr\u00e1vo\u201c: <\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Ust\u00e1len\u00e1 s\u00fadna prax pova\u017euje nenaplnenie predpokladu o\u00a0sp\u00e1chan\u00ed trestn\u00e9ho \u010dinu obvinen\u00fdm za nevyhnutn\u00fa podmienku pre vznik n\u00e1roku na n\u00e1hradu \u0161kody sp\u00f4sobenej rozhodnut\u00edm o\u00a0za\u010dat\u00ed trestn\u00e9ho st\u00edhania a\u00a0vznesen\u00ed obvinenia. Nako\u013eko by sa v\u00a0pr\u00edpade naplnenia uveden\u00e9ho predpokladu zjavne protire\u010dilo zmyslu a\u00a0systematike Z\u00e1kona, preto\u017ee jeho uplatnenie v\u00a0praxi by mohlo vies\u0165 aj k\u00a0od\u0161kodneniu skuto\u010dn\u00fdch p\u00e1chate\u013eov trestn\u00fdch \u010dinov, \u010do by bolo v\u00a0priamom rozpore so z\u00e1sadou \u201ez\u00a0bezpr\u00e1via nem\u00f4\u017ee vznikn\u00fa\u0165 pr\u00e1vo\u201c.\u00a0 T\u00e1to pr\u00e1vna z\u00e1sada tak dopad\u00e1 na pr\u00edpady, ke\u010f sa trestne st\u00edhan\u00e1 osoba pod\u013ea z\u00e1verov uskuto\u010dnen\u00fdch v\u00a0trestnom konan\u00ed vskutku dopustila protipr\u00e1vneho konania zodpovedaj\u00faceho skutkovej podstate trestn\u00e9ho \u010dinu.<\/p>\n

Aplik\u00e1ciu z\u00e1sady \u201ez bezpr\u00e1via nevznik\u00e1 pr\u00e1vo\u201c na s\u00faden\u00fa vec odvolac\u00ed s\u00fad d\u00f4vodil nasledovne: <\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Uv\u00e1dzame, \u017ee trestn\u00fd s\u00fad doty\u010dn\u00fa osobu oslobodil spod ob\u017ealoby z\u00a0d\u00f4vodu, \u017ee nebolo objekt\u00edvne preuk\u00e1zan\u00e9, \u017ee by sa bola dopustila trestnej \u010dinnosti, tak ako jej bola kladen\u00e1 za vinu v\u00a0ob\u017ealobe.\u00a0 Uveden\u00e9 bolo dan\u00e9 aj skuto\u010dnos\u0165ou, \u017ee predmetn\u00fd trestn\u00fd \u010din nebolo mo\u017en\u00e9 pova\u017eova\u0165 za trestn\u00fd \u010din pytliactva pod\u013ea \u00a7 181 ods. 1 a\u00a0ods. 2 p\u00edsm. c) z\u00e1kona \u010d. 140\/1961 Zb. platn\u00e9ho do 31.12.2005 (\u010falej ako \u201eTZ platn\u00e9ho do 31.12.2005\u201c) a\u00a0za trestn\u00fd \u010din poru\u0161ovania ochrany rastl\u00edn a\u00a0\u017eivo\u010d\u00edchov pod\u013ea \u00a7 181c ods. 1 p\u00edsm. b), ods. 3 p\u00edsm. a), ods. 4 p\u00edsm. c) TZ platn\u00e9ho do 31.12.2005 z\u00a0d\u00f4vodu jeho nach\u00e1dzania vo v\u00fdvojom \u0161t\u00e1diu pr\u00edpravy.<\/p>\n

Trestn\u00fd s\u00fad v\u00a0danej veci nepova\u017eoval za d\u00f4kazn\u00fd materi\u00e1l nez\u00e1konne z\u00edskan\u00e9 telefonick\u00e9 odposluchy. Civiln\u00fd s\u00fad v\u0161ak svoje rozhodnutie a\u00a0aplik\u00e1ciu z\u00e1sady \u201ez bezpr\u00e1via nevznik\u00e1 pr\u00e1vo\u201c zalo\u017eil najm\u00e4 na skuto\u010dnostiach z\u00edskan\u00fdch zo spom\u00ednan\u00fdch nez\u00e1konne z\u00edskan\u00fdch odposluchov. Je potrebn\u00e9 pritom upozorni\u0165, \u017ee obsah odposluchov nesved\u010dil o\u00a0\u010dinnosti, ktor\u00e1 by bola v\u00a0danom \u0161t\u00e1diu trestnou.<\/p>\n

Verdikt Najvy\u0161\u0161ieho s\u00fadu SR znel jasne ! <\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u201eAk s\u00fad v trestnom konan\u00ed oslobodil \u017ealobcov (ob\u017ealovan\u00fdch) spod ob\u017ealoby a d\u00f4vodom tohto oslobodenia neboli skuto\u010dnosti uveden\u00e9 v z\u00e1konnom ustanoven\u00ed \u00a7 8 ods. 6 p\u00edsm. g\/ z\u00e1kona \u010d. 514\/2003 Z. z. (nedostatok trestnej zodpovednosti, z\u00e1nik trestnosti, zmena z\u00e1kona, udelenie milosti alebo amnestia), nem\u00f4\u017ee potom civiln\u00fd s\u00fad svojvo\u013ene vyhodnocova\u0165 d\u00f4vody oslobodenia spod ob\u017ealoby<\/u>.<\/strong> Rovnako pod\u013ea n\u00e1zoru dovolacieho s\u00fadu nem\u00f4\u017ee civiln\u00fd s\u00fad ani polemizova\u0165 so z\u00e1vermi trestn\u00e9ho s\u00fadu, ktor\u00fd ob\u017ealovan\u00fdch spod ob\u017ealoby oslobodil a svoje z\u00e1very opiera\u0165 o skuto\u010dnosti (civiln\u00e9mu s\u00fadu) sved\u010diace o pr\u00edprave \u017ealobcov na protipr\u00e1vnu \u010dinnos\u0165, ak toto v\u00fdvojov\u00e9 \u0161t\u00e1dium trestn\u00e9ho \u010dinu (pr\u00edprava), pre podozrenie zo sp\u00e1chania ktor\u00e9ho boli \u017ealobcovia v trestnom konan\u00ed obvinen\u00ed, nebolo z h\u013eadiska noriem trestn\u00e9ho pr\u00e1va hmotn\u00e9ho trestn\u00e9. Za tejto situ\u00e1cie dovolac\u00ed s\u00fad nevzhliadol spr\u00e1vnou aplik\u00e1ciu z\u00e1sady ex iniuria ius non oritur<\/u><\/em>. (pozn. z\u00a0bezpr\u00e1via nevznik\u00e1 pr\u00e1vo)\u201c<\/p>\n

\u201ePokia\u013e odvolac\u00ed s\u00fad svoje rozhodnutie zalo\u017eil predov\u0161etk\u00fdm na skuto\u010dnostiach z\u00edskan\u00fdch zo z\u00e1znamov z telekomunika\u010dnej prev\u00e1dzky mobiln\u00e9ho telef\u00f3nu \u017ealobcu 1\/,<\/u> dovolac\u00ed s\u00fad v tomto oh\u013eade vo v\u0161eobecnosti poukazuje tie\u017e na n\u00e1zor \u00dastavn\u00e9ho s\u00fadu Slovenskej republiky vysloven\u00fd v uznesen\u00ed I. \u00daS 273\/2021, \u017ee \u201eani v konan\u00ed o n\u00e1hradu \u0161kody sp\u00f4sobenej org\u00e1nmi verejnej moci pri v\u00fdkone verejnej moci, v ktorom si fyzick\u00e1 osoba uplat\u0148uje n\u00e1rok v s\u00favislosti s rozhodnut\u00edm o v\u00e4zbe, nem\u00f4\u017eu v\u0161eobecn\u00e9 s\u00fady ignorova\u0165 z\u00e1ver v\u0161eobecn\u00fdch s\u00fadov rozhoduj\u00facich v trestnej veci obvinen\u00e9ho o nez\u00e1konnosti d\u00f4kazov<\/u> (neleg\u00e1lnych odposluchov, resp. z\u00e1znamov vyhotoven\u00fdch ich prepisom) zabezpe\u010den\u00fdch org\u00e1nmi \u010dinn\u00fdmi v trestnom konan\u00ed, ktor\u00e1 skon\u010dila osloboden\u00edm obvinen\u00e9ho spod ob\u017ealoby.<\/u>.\u201c<\/em><\/p>\n

Najvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed s\u00fad SR teda vec vr\u00e1til odvolaciemu s\u00fadu na nov\u00e9 rozhodnutie, pri\u010dom v\u00a0intenci\u00e1ch jeho z\u00e1verov bude odvolac\u00ed s\u00fad povinn\u00fd sk\u00fama\u0165 u\u017e len v\u00fd\u0161ku sp\u00f4sobenej \u0161kody.\u201c<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

  V\u00a0r\u00e1mci obhajoby na\u0161ich klientov v\u00a0trestnom konan\u00ed sa stret\u00e1vame so situ\u00e1ciou, kedy sa vo\u010di tej \u2013 ktorej osobe vedie trestn\u00e9 st\u00edhanie (ba dokonca aj v\u00e4zobn\u00e9), ktor\u00e9 sa na \u201ekonci d\u0148a uk\u00e1\u017ee\u201c ako ned\u00f4vodn\u00e9\u00a0 a\u00a0s\u00fad doty\u010dn\u00fa osobu oslobod\u00ed spod ob\u017ealoby. V\u00a0takomto pr\u00edpade sa m\u00f4\u017ee doty\u010dn\u00e1 osoba dom\u00e1ha\u0165 \u201eod\u0161kodnenia\u201c v\u00a0zmysle z\u00e1kona \u010d. 514\/2003 Z.z. o\u00a0zodpovednosti za \u0161kodu…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":1275,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1274","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uncategorized-sk"],"yoast_head":"(Ne)mo\u017enos\u0165 civiln\u00e9ho s\u00fadu ignorova\u0165 z\u00e1very trestn\u00e9ho s\u00fadu - BOOM & SMART<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/boomandsmart.com\/nemoznost-civilneho-sudu-ignorovat-zavery-trestneho-sudu\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"sk_SK\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"(Ne)mo\u017enos\u0165 civiln\u00e9ho s\u00fadu ignorova\u0165 z\u00e1very trestn\u00e9ho s\u00fadu - BOOM & SMART\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"  V\u00a0r\u00e1mci obhajoby na\u0161ich klientov v\u00a0trestnom konan\u00ed sa stret\u00e1vame so situ\u00e1ciou, kedy sa vo\u010di tej \u2013 ktorej osobe vedie trestn\u00e9 st\u00edhanie (ba dokonca aj v\u00e4zobn\u00e9), ktor\u00e9 sa na \u201ekonci d\u0148a uk\u00e1\u017ee\u201c ako ned\u00f4vodn\u00e9\u00a0 a\u00a0s\u00fad doty\u010dn\u00fa osobu oslobod\u00ed spod ob\u017ealoby. 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