{"id":1339,"date":"2022-11-15T16:30:30","date_gmt":"2022-11-15T15:30:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/boomandsmart.com\/nesulad-zmluvy-o-tichom-spolocenstve-so-zakonom\/"},"modified":"2022-11-15T16:30:30","modified_gmt":"2022-11-15T15:30:30","slug":"nesulad-zmluvy-o-tichom-spolocenstve-so-zakonom","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/boomandsmart.com\/sk\/nesulad-zmluvy-o-tichom-spolocenstve-so-zakonom\/","title":{"rendered":"(Ne)s\u00falad zmluvy o tichom spolo\u010denstve so z\u00e1konom"},"content":{"rendered":"

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Prip\u00fa\u0161\u0165a Obchodn\u00fd z\u00e1konn\u00edk v r\u00e1mci zmluvy o tichom spolo\u010denstve, koncipova\u0165 vz\u0165ah podnikate\u013ea a tich\u00e9ho spolo\u010dn\u00edka tak, \u017ee sa \u00faplne vyl\u00fa\u010di zodpovednos\u0165 tich\u00e9ho spolo\u010dn\u00edka za stratu podnikate\u013ea? Odporuje tak\u00e9to zmluvn\u00e9 dojednanie z\u00e1kladn\u00fdm z\u00e1konn\u00fdm ustanoveniam o zmluve o tichom spolo\u010denstve a aj tomu ako sa ch\u00e1pe tich\u00e9 spolo\u010denstvo v obchodnom styku? Uveden\u00e9 ot\u00e1zky zodpoved\u00e1me v zmysle z\u00e1verov rozsudku Krajsk\u00e9ho s\u00fadu Trnava sp. zn. 21CoKR\/9\/2020 zo d\u0148a 27.05.2022.<\/p>\n

O\u00a0ak\u00fa skutkov\u00fa situ\u00e1ciu i\u0161lo? <\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u017dalobca (v poz\u00edcii tich\u00e9ho spolo\u010dn\u00edka) s\u00a0\u00fapadcom – \u017ealovan\u00fdm (v poz\u00edci\u00ed podnikate\u013ea) uzatvorili d\u0148a 07.03.2012 zmluvu, na z\u00e1klade ktorej sa zaviazal tich\u00fd spolo\u010dn\u00edk poskytn\u00fa\u0165 podnikate\u013eovi\u00a0 vklad vo v\u00fd\u0161ke 200.000,- \u20ac. Pod\u013ea \u010dl\u00e1nku III zmluvy m\u00e1 tich\u00fd spolo\u010dn\u00edk pr\u00e1vo na podiel na zisku podnikate\u013ea vo v\u00fd\u0161ke 30 % zo zisku a\u00a0tie\u017e bolo v spornej zmluve o tichom spolo\u010denstve dojednan\u00e9, \u017ee sa tich\u00fd spolo\u010dn\u00edk nebude podie\u013ea\u0165 na strate spolo\u010dnosti a o stratu sa jeho vklad nebude zni\u017eova\u0165 (\u010dl. III ods. 3). Pod\u013ea \u010dl. V m\u00f4\u017ee zmluvu vypoveda\u0165 ktor\u00e1ko\u013evek zmluvn\u00e1 strana ku koncu kalend\u00e1rneho roka, pri\u010dom podnikate\u013e je povinn\u00fd vr\u00e1ti\u0165 tich\u00e9mu spolo\u010dn\u00edkovi vklad do 30 dn\u00ed odo d\u0148a z\u00e1niku zmluvy. D\u0148a 07.03.2012 vystavil \u00fapadca pr\u00edjmov\u00fd pokladni\u010dn\u00fd doklad o prijat\u00ed sumy 200.000,- \u20ac od \u017ealobcu ako vklad tich\u00e9ho spolo\u010dn\u00edka. D\u0148a 20.06.2013 \u017ealobca adresoval \u00fapadcovi p\u00edsomn\u00fa v\u00fdpove\u010f zmluvy o tichom spolo\u010denstve zo d\u0148a 07.03.2012 ku koncu kalend\u00e1rneho roka a s\u00fa\u010dasne po\u017eiadal o vr\u00e1tenie vkladu 200.000,- \u20ac do 30 dn\u00ed od z\u00e1niku zmluvy. \u017dalovan\u00fd uznal poh\u013ead\u00e1vku \u017ealobcu \u010do do d\u00f4vodu a\u00a0v\u00fd\u0161ky v\u00a0celom rozsahu do not\u00e1rskej z\u00e1pisnice. \u017dalobca si ako verite\u013e prihl\u00e1sil do konkurzu \u00fapadcu – \u017ealovan\u00e9ho poh\u013ead\u00e1vku, pri\u010dom ako pr\u00e1vny d\u00f4vod vzniku uviedol pr\u00e1vo na vr\u00e1tenie vkladu tich\u00e9ho spolo\u010dn\u00edka. Spr\u00e1vca poprel \u017ealobcom prihl\u00e1sen\u00fa poh\u013ead\u00e1vku z\u00a0d\u00f4vodu, \u017ee zmluva o\u00a0tichom spolo\u010denstve je \u00fakon obch\u00e1dzaj\u00faci z\u00e1kon a\u00a0je absol\u00fatne neplatn\u00e1. \u017dalobca sa n\u00e1sledne dom\u00e1hal na s\u00fade ur\u010denia popretej poh\u013ead\u00e1vky.<\/p>\n

Ak\u00e1 bola v\u00a0konan\u00ed\u00a0 sporn\u00e1 ot\u00e1zka? <\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Ot\u00e1zne v prejedn\u00e1vanej veci bolo, \u010di vymedzen\u00e1 dohoda zmluvn\u00fdch str\u00e1n, v\u00a0zmysle ktorej sa \u00faplne vylu\u010duje zodpovednos\u0165 tich\u00e9ho spolo\u010dn\u00edka za stratu podnikate\u013ea, predstavuje nepr\u00edpustn\u00fd odklon od \u00a7 673 ods. 1 Obchodn\u00e9ho<\/a> z\u00e1konn\u00edka ako z\u00e1kladn\u00e9ho ustanovenia upravuj\u00faceho zmluvn\u00fd typ zmluvy o tichom spolo\u010denstve pod\u013ea ktor\u00e9ho: \u201eZmluvou o tichom spolo\u010denstve sa zav\u00e4zuje tich\u00fd spolo\u010dn\u00edk poskytn\u00fa\u0165 podnikate\u013eovi ur\u010dit\u00fd vklad a podie\u013ea\u0165 sa n\u00edm na jeho podnikan\u00ed a podnikate\u013e sa zav\u00e4zuje na platenie \u010dasti zisku vypl\u00fdvaj\u00facej z podielu tich\u00e9ho spolo\u010dn\u00edka na v\u00fdsledku podnikania.\u201c <\/em><\/p>\n

Ak\u00fdmi \u00favahami sa s\u00fad riadil pri posudzovan\u00ed zmluvy o\u00a0tichom spolo\u010denstve? <\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00da\u010delom tich\u00e9ho spolo\u010denstva je z\u00edska\u0165 pas\u00edvny pr\u00edjem z investovania do podnikania podnikate\u013ea bez toho, aby sa tich\u00fd spolo\u010dn\u00edk akt\u00edvne z\u00fa\u010dast\u0148oval na obchodn\u00fdch rozhodnutiach podnikate\u013ea. Tich\u00fd spolo\u010dn\u00edk investuje do podnikania svoj\u00edm vkladom a pr\u00e1ve n\u00edm sa podie\u013ea na podnikan\u00ed podnikate\u013ea. Cie\u013eom podnikania je s\u00edce dosiahnu\u0165 zisk (alebo merate\u013en\u00fd pozit\u00edvny soci\u00e1lny vplyv), ale z defin\u00edcie podnikania, pod\u013ea ktorej tak podnikate\u013e rob\u00ed na vlastn\u00fa zodpovednos\u0165, je zrejm\u00e9, \u017ee jeho nevyhnutnou s\u00fa\u010das\u0165ou je aj ochota podst\u00fapi\u0165 riziko straty. Podnikate\u013e vstupuje do podnikania teda jednak s v\u00edziou, \u017ee svojou \u010dinnos\u0165ou \u201ezarob\u00ed\u201c, ale v ka\u017edom pr\u00edpade mus\u00ed by\u0165 uzrozumen\u00fd aj s t\u00fdm, \u017ee jeho \u010dinnos\u0165 bude vies\u0165 k strate na majetkov\u00fdch hodnot\u00e1ch, ktor\u00e9 do podnikania vlo\u017eil. Pod\u013ea odvolacieho s\u00fadu treba preto v tomto zmysle nazera\u0165 aj na v\u00fdznam pojmov\u00e9ho znaku zmluvy o tichom spolo\u010denstve – podie\u013eania sa na podnikan\u00ed podnikate\u013ea<\/u>. Ak m\u00e1 tich\u00fd spolo\u010dn\u00edk vlo\u017ei\u0165 do podnikania podnikate\u013ea ur\u010dit\u00fd vklad ako peniazmi ocenite\u013en\u00fa hodnotu, je od\u00f4vodnen\u00e9 predpoklada\u0165, \u017ee tak urob\u00ed nielen s cie\u013eom dosiahnu\u0165 zisk, ale aj s vedomos\u0165ou, \u017ee podnikate\u013e podnik\u00e1 na vlastn\u00fa zodpovednos\u0165, ktor\u00e1 sa prejav\u00ed v povinnosti zn\u00e1\u0161a\u0165 pr\u00edpadn\u00e9 straty z nevydaren\u00e9ho podnikania. Tich\u00fd spolo\u010dn\u00edk sa preto \u201epodie\u013ea na podnikan\u00ed podnikate\u013ea\u201c nielen vtedy, ak podnikate\u013e vytvor\u00ed zisk, ale aj vtedy, ak podnikate\u013e dosiahne stratu.<\/u><\/p>\n

Povinnos\u0165 tich\u00e9ho spolo\u010dn\u00edka zn\u00e1\u0161a\u0165 straty v ur\u010ditej miere sa ch\u00e1pe ako prirodzen\u00fd prvok tich\u00e9ho spolo\u010denstva (tzv. sleeping partnership alebo anonymous partnership) aj v zahrani\u010d\u00ed. Za zmienku pritom stoj\u00ed \u010desk\u00e1 pr\u00e1vna \u00faprava, ktor\u00e1 na dohodu, pod\u013ea ktorej sa tich\u00fd spolo\u010dn\u00edk nepodie\u013ea na zisku alebo strate, neprihliada (\u00a7 2751 ods. 1 \u010desk\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona \u010d. 89\/2012 Zb. Nov\u00fd ob\u010diansky z\u00e1konn\u00edk). Mo\u017eno tie\u017e spomen\u00fa\u0165, \u017ee na podobnej z\u00e1sade bola postaven\u00e1 i predch\u00e1dzaj\u00faca \u010desk\u00e1 \u00faprava. Harmoniza\u010dnou noveliz\u00e1ciou \u010desk\u00e9ho Obchodn\u00e9ho z\u00e1konn\u00edka (z\u00e1konom \u010d. 370\/2000 Zb.) bolo s \u00fa\u010dinnos\u0165ou od 01.01.2001 do ustanovenia \u00a7 673 ods. 1 \u010desk\u00e9ho Obchodn\u00e9ho z\u00e1konn\u00edka (ktor\u00e9ho znenie bolo dovtedy toto\u017en\u00e9 so slovensk\u00fdm znen\u00edm \u00a7 673 ods. 1 \u00a0Obchodn\u00e9ho z\u00e1konn\u00edka) doplnen\u00e9 pravidlo, \u017ee rozsah \u00fa\u010dasti tich\u00e9ho spolo\u010dn\u00edka na zisku a strate mus\u00ed by\u0165 rovnak\u00fd. Pod\u013ea d\u00f4vodovej spr\u00e1vy pritom i\u0161lo len o spresnenie n\u00e1le\u017eitost\u00ed zmluvy o tichom spolo\u010denstve, tak\u017ee je zrejm\u00e9, \u017ee cie\u013eom nebolo radik\u00e1lne zasiahnu\u0165 do defini\u010dn\u00fdch znakov tejto zmluvy.<\/p>\n

Ako znel verdikt s\u00fadu? <\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Dohoda, ktorou sa \u00faplne vylu\u010duje zodpovednos\u0165 tich\u00e9ho spolo\u010dn\u00edka za stratu podnikate\u013ea, popiera podstatu \u201epodie\u013eania sa na podnikan\u00ed podnikate\u013ea\u201c.<\/strong> Tich\u00fd spolo\u010dn\u00edk by sa takto nepodie\u013eal na podnikan\u00ed, ale len na zisku podnikate\u013ea, \u010do nie je v s\u00falade so z\u00e1kladn\u00fdm ustanoven\u00edm zmluvy o tichom spolo\u010denstve upraven\u00fdm \u00a7 673 ods. 1 Obchodn\u00e9ho z\u00e1konn\u00edka ani s t\u00fdm, ako sa tich\u00e9 spolo\u010denstvo ch\u00e1pe v obchodnom styku. V\u00a0danom pr\u00edpade tak nedo\u0161lo k\u00a0uzatvoreniu platnej zmluvy o\u00a0tichom spolo\u010denstve. Z\u00a0uveden\u00e9ho d\u00f4vodu konaj\u00faci s\u00fad \u017ealobu o\u00a0ur\u010denie popretej poh\u013ead\u00e1vky zamietol.\u201c<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Prip\u00fa\u0161\u0165a Obchodn\u00fd z\u00e1konn\u00edk v r\u00e1mci zmluvy o tichom spolo\u010denstve, koncipova\u0165 vz\u0165ah podnikate\u013ea a tich\u00e9ho spolo\u010dn\u00edka tak, \u017ee sa \u00faplne vyl\u00fa\u010di zodpovednos\u0165 tich\u00e9ho spolo\u010dn\u00edka za stratu podnikate\u013ea? Odporuje tak\u00e9to zmluvn\u00e9 dojednanie z\u00e1kladn\u00fdm z\u00e1konn\u00fdm ustanoveniam o zmluve o tichom spolo\u010denstve a aj tomu ako sa ch\u00e1pe tich\u00e9 spolo\u010denstvo v obchodnom styku? Uveden\u00e9 ot\u00e1zky zodpoved\u00e1me v…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":1340,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1339","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uncategorized-sk"],"yoast_head":"(Ne)s\u00falad zmluvy o tichom spolo\u010denstve so z\u00e1konom - BOOM & SMART<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/boomandsmart.com\/nesulad-zmluvy-o-tichom-spolocenstve-so-zakonom\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"sk_SK\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"(Ne)s\u00falad zmluvy o tichom spolo\u010denstve so z\u00e1konom - BOOM & SMART\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"    Prip\u00fa\u0161\u0165a Obchodn\u00fd z\u00e1konn\u00edk v r\u00e1mci zmluvy o tichom spolo\u010denstve, koncipova\u0165 vz\u0165ah podnikate\u013ea a tich\u00e9ho spolo\u010dn\u00edka tak, \u017ee sa \u00faplne vyl\u00fa\u010di zodpovednos\u0165 tich\u00e9ho spolo\u010dn\u00edka za stratu podnikate\u013ea? Odporuje tak\u00e9to zmluvn\u00e9 dojednanie z\u00e1kladn\u00fdm z\u00e1konn\u00fdm ustanoveniam o zmluve o tichom spolo\u010denstve a aj tomu ako sa ch\u00e1pe tich\u00e9 spolo\u010denstvo v obchodnom styku? 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Odporuje tak\u00e9to zmluvn\u00e9 dojednanie z\u00e1kladn\u00fdm z\u00e1konn\u00fdm ustanoveniam o zmluve o tichom spolo\u010denstve a aj tomu ako sa ch\u00e1pe tich\u00e9 spolo\u010denstvo v obchodnom styku? 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