{"id":1343,"date":"2022-10-24T22:29:43","date_gmt":"2022-10-24T20:29:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/boomandsmart.com\/pojem-vymahatelna-pohladavka-a-rozdiely-v-jeho-interpretacii\/"},"modified":"2022-10-24T22:29:43","modified_gmt":"2022-10-24T20:29:43","slug":"pojem-vymahatelna-pohladavka-a-rozdiely-v-jeho-interpretacii","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/boomandsmart.com\/sk\/pojem-vymahatelna-pohladavka-a-rozdiely-v-jeho-interpretacii\/","title":{"rendered":"Pojem &#8222;vym\u00e1hate\u013en\u00e1 poh\u013ead\u00e1vka&#8220; a rozdiely v jeho interpret\u00e1cii"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Ako u\u017e nadpis napoved\u00e1, v tomto \u010dl\u00e1nku sa budeme venova\u0165 v\u00fdkladu pojmu \u201evym\u00e1hate\u013en\u00e1 poh\u013ead\u00e1vka\u201c a to v kontexte odporovate\u013en\u00e9ho pr\u00e1vneho \u00fakonu. Vych\u00e1dza\u0165 pritom budeme zo z\u00e1verov rozhodnutia Ve\u013ek\u00e9ho sen\u00e1tu Najvy\u0161\u0161ieho s\u00fadu Slovenskej republiky sp. zn. 1Vdo\/1\/2022 zo d\u0148a 17.5.2022, R \u010d\u00edslo: 2\/2022.<\/p>\n<p>Pr\u00e1vne \u00fakony dl\u017en\u00edka, pokia\u013e ukracuj\u00fa uspokojenie vym\u00e1hate\u013enej poh\u013ead\u00e1vky verite\u013ea, m\u00f4\u017eu by\u0165 verite\u013eom napadnut\u00e9 odporom (t. z. subjekt\u00edvne opr\u00e1vnenie verite\u013ea vym\u00e1hate\u013enej poh\u013ead\u00e1vky, ktor\u00e9 sa realizuje \u017ealobou), ktor\u00fd smeruje k\u00a0tomu, aby boli vyhl\u00e1sen\u00e9 vo vz\u0165ahu k\u00a0nemu za pr\u00e1vne ne\u00fa\u010dinn\u00e9. Prostredn\u00edctvom in\u0161tit\u00fatu odporovate\u013enosti poskytuje ob\u010diansky z\u00e1konn\u00edk ochranu verite\u013eovi pred pr\u00e1vnymi \u00fakonmi jeho dl\u017en\u00edka, ktor\u00e9 ved\u00fa k zmen\u0161eniu jeho majetku, a\u00a0t\u00fdm aj k\u00a0zmareniu \u010di ohrozeniu mo\u017enosti, aby poh\u013ead\u00e1vka verite\u013ea mohla by\u0165 z\u00a0majetku dl\u017en\u00edka riadne a\u00a0v\u010das uspokojen\u00e1.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>Spornos\u0165 v\u00fdkladu k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00e9ho pojmu \u201evym\u00e1hate\u013en\u00e1 poh\u013ead\u00e1vka\u201c: <\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Prv\u00fdm predpokladom uplatnenia subjekt\u00edvneho odporov\u00e9ho pr\u00e1va verite\u013ea je\u00a0 existencia tzv. vym\u00e1hate\u013enej poh\u013ead\u00e1vky verite\u013ea.<\/p>\n<p>Pri interpret\u00e1cii pojmu vym\u00e1hate\u013en\u00e1 poh\u013ead\u00e1vka doch\u00e1dzalo k\u00a0n\u00e1zorov\u00e9mu rozporu, \u010di sa \u0148ou rozumie:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u017ealovate\u013en\u00e1 poh\u013ead\u00e1vka (n\u00e1zor reprezentovan\u00fd rozhodnut\u00edm NS SR v R 44\/2001), t.j. tak\u00e1 poh\u013ead\u00e1vka, ktor\u00fa mo\u017eno \u00faspe\u0161ne vym\u00e1ha\u0165 na s\u00fade v\u00a0z\u00e1kladnom konan\u00ed;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em>alebo<\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>vykonate\u013en\u00e1 poh\u013ead\u00e1vka (n\u00e1zor reprezentovan\u00fd rozhodnut\u00edm NS SR sp. zn. 6Cdo\/253\/2012 zo d\u0148a 17.12.2013), t.j. tak\u00e1 poh\u013ead\u00e1vka, ktorej sved\u010d\u00ed tzv. exeku\u010dn\u00fd titul, teda len poh\u013ead\u00e1vka priznan\u00e1 vykonate\u013en\u00fdm rozhodnut\u00edm \u00a0s\u00fadu.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>\u00davahy n\u00e1zorov\u00e9ho pr\u00fadu v\u00a0prospech v\u00fdkladu, \u017ee ide o poh\u013ead\u00e1vku, ktor\u00fa mo\u017eno \u00faspe\u0161ne vym\u00e1ha\u0165 v\u00a0z\u00e1kladnom s\u00fadnom konan\u00ed:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>N\u00e1zorov\u00fd pr\u00fad, ktor\u00fd pod vym\u00e1hate\u013enou poh\u013ead\u00e1vkou rozumie poh\u013ead\u00e1vku \u017ealovate\u013en\u00fa sa opiera o\u00a0nasledovn\u00e9 argumenty:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><em>Syst\u00e9mov\u00fd pr\u00edstup k interpret\u00e1cii pou\u017eit\u00e9ho slova \u201evym\u00e1hate\u013en\u00fd\u201c, jednak z h\u013eadiska s\u00e9mantick\u00e9ho a historick\u00e9ho rozboru, ale aj z h\u013eadiska \u00fa\u010delov\u00e9ho v\u00fdznamu textu tejto pr\u00e1vnej normy. Z\u00e1konn\u00e9 pojmy \u201evym\u00e1hate\u013en\u00e1\u201c a \u201evykonate\u013en\u00e1\u201c poh\u013ead\u00e1vka nie s\u00fa v\u00a0\u017eiadnom pr\u00edpade synonymick\u00e9. Hovoria pre to \u2013 okrem zjavnej r\u00f4znosti slovn\u00fdch ozna\u010den\u00ed vlastnost\u00ed t\u00fdchto poh\u013ead\u00e1vok, ako aj ust\u00e1len\u00e9 pravidl\u00e1 v\u00fdkladu z\u00e1konn\u00fdch ustanoven\u00ed, tak r\u00f4zny zmysel pr\u00eddavn\u00fdch mien \u201evym\u00e1hate\u013en\u00fd<\/em><a href=\"#_ftn1\" name=\"_ftnref1\">[1]<\/a><em>\u201c a \u201evykonate\u013en\u00fd<\/em><a href=\"#_ftn2\" name=\"_ftnref2\">[2]<\/a><em>\u201c, ako nakoniec, \u010di predov\u0161etk\u00fdm i\u00a0celkov\u00fd kontext z\u00e1konnej \u00fapravy<\/em><a href=\"#_ftn3\" name=\"_ftnref3\">[3]<\/a><em>. Tzv. <u>argument jazykovedy<\/u>, nemo\u017enos\u0165 stoto\u017e\u0148ovania pojmov \u201evym\u00e1hate\u013en\u00e1 poh\u013ead\u00e1vka\u201c a \u201evykonate\u013en\u00e1 poh\u013ead\u00e1vka.\u201c<\/em><\/li>\n<li>Obsah slovn\u00e9ho spojenia \u201evym\u00e1hate\u013en\u00e1 poh\u013ead\u00e1vka\u201c (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.epi.sk\/form\/goto.ashx?t=27&amp;p=1350852&amp;f=3\"> 42a ods. 1 Ob\u010dianskeho z\u00e1konn\u00edka<\/a>) <u>mus\u00ed by\u0165 rovnak\u00fd<\/u> ako <u>obsah jazykovo identick\u00fdch v\u00fdrazov uveden\u00fdch v in\u00fdch ustanoveniach <\/u><a href=\"https:\/\/www.epi.sk\/form\/goto.ashx?t=26&amp;p=1009669&amp;f=3\">Ob\u010dianskeho z\u00e1konn\u00edka<\/a> (napr. \u00a7 857 ods. 1 veta prv\u00e1 OZ: V\u00fdhry zo st\u00e1vok a hier nemo\u017eno vym\u00e1ha\u0165; vym\u00e1ha\u0165 nemo\u017eno ani poh\u013ead\u00e1vky z p\u00f4\u017ei\u010diek poskytnut\u00fdch vedome do st\u00e1vky alebo hry.), ktor\u00e9 s\u00a0vykonate\u013enos\u0165ou nemaj\u00fa ni\u010d spolo\u010dn\u00e9, preto by nemala by\u0165 podmienkou ani pre ustanovenie \u00a742a OZ.<\/li>\n<li>Odd\u00e1vna plat\u00ed star\u00e1 interpreta\u010dn\u00e1 z\u00e1sada, pod\u013ea ktorej maj\u00fa by\u0165 jednotliv\u00e9 z\u00e1konn\u00e9 ustanovenia vykladan\u00e9 v\u00a0prospech t\u00fdch, ku ktor\u00fdch ochrane maj\u00fa sl\u00fa\u017ei\u0165. V\u00a0tomto smere by ani predpisy k\u00a0ochrane verite\u013eov nemali by\u0165 v\u00fdnimkou, nako\u013eko <u>in\u0161tit\u00fat odporovate\u013enosti je nesporne vyhraden\u00fd ochrane pr\u00e1vnej sf\u00e9ry verite\u013ea.<\/u><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em>\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong><em>\u00davahy n\u00e1zorov\u00e9ho pr\u00fadu v\u00a0prospech v\u00fdkladu, \u017ee ide o\u00a0poh\u013ead\u00e1vku vykonate\u013en\u00fa, tzn. opatren\u00fa exeku\u010dn\u00fdm titulom:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Tento n\u00e1zorov\u00fd pr\u00fad<em> identifikuj\u00faci vym\u00e1hate\u013enos\u0165 s\u00a0vykonate\u013enos\u0165ou vych\u00e1dza a\u00a0argumentuje nasledovn\u00fdm:<\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><em>\u201eZ \u00fa\u010delu a zmyslu odporovacej \u017ealoby vypl\u00fdva, \u017ee vym\u00e1hate\u013enou poh\u013ead\u00e1vkou v zmysle ustanovenia <\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.epi.sk\/form\/goto.ashx?t=27&amp;p=1350852&amp;f=3\"><em> 42a ods. 1 Ob\u010d. z\u00e1konn\u00edka<\/em><\/a><em> sa rozumie tak\u00e1 poh\u013ead\u00e1vka, ktorej splnenie mo\u017eno vyn\u00fati\u0165 exek\u00faciou, t. j. poh\u013ead\u00e1vka, ktor\u00e1 bola verite\u013eovi priznan\u00e1 vykonate\u013en\u00fdm rozhodnut\u00edm alebo in\u00fdm titulom, pod\u013ea ktor\u00e9ho mo\u017eno nariadi\u0165 exek\u00faciu. Ak sl\u00fa\u017ei odporovacia \u017ealoba k uspokojeniu poh\u013ead\u00e1vky verite\u013ea v exeku\u010dnom konan\u00ed, nezodpovedalo by tomuto jej \u00fa\u010delu, keby poh\u013ead\u00e1vka verite\u013ea nebola priznan\u00e1 vykonate\u013en\u00fdm rozhodnut\u00edm alebo in\u00fdm titulom, a keby i\u0161lo len o poh\u013ead\u00e1vku \u201edospel\u00fa\u201c \u010di splatn\u00fa, teda \u017ealovate\u013en\u00fa.\u201c.<\/em><a href=\"#_ftn4\" name=\"_ftnref4\">[4]<\/a> <em><u>Nosn\u00fdm argumentom je tak charakter odporovate\u013enosti, ktorej cie\u013eom je, <\/u><\/em><u>aby sa v prospech verite\u013ea mohol zexekvova\u0165 aj majetok, ktor\u00e9ho sa dl\u017en\u00edk zbavil v \u00famysle ukr\u00e1ti\u0165 verite\u013ea, a\u00a0teda k\u00fdm exek\u00facia nie je mo\u017en\u00e1 (a teda k\u00fdm poh\u013ead\u00e1vka nie je vykonate\u013en\u00e1), odporovate\u013enos\u0165 ned\u00e1va zmysel.<\/u> Potom sa jav\u00ed ako <u>zbyto\u010dn\u00e9 (nepou\u017eite\u013en\u00e9) rozhodnutie vyhovuj\u00faceho odporovacej \u017ealobe pri neexistencii poh\u013ead\u00e1vky priznanej exeku\u010dn\u00fdm titulom.<\/u> Ak by toti\u017e pre rozhodnutie o ne\u00fa\u010dinnosti pr\u00e1vneho \u00fakonu bola posta\u010duj\u00faca len existencia \u017ealovate\u013enej poh\u013ead\u00e1vky, potom by tak\u00e9to rozhodnutie nemohlo splni\u0165 svoj \u00fa\u010del, ak by n\u00e1sledne (po jeho vydan\u00ed) z rozli\u010dn\u00fdch d\u00f4vodov poh\u013ead\u00e1vka verite\u013ea nenadobudla kvalitu vykonate\u013enej poh\u013ead\u00e1vky.<\/li>\n<li>Uveden\u00fa argument\u00e1ciu podporuj\u00fa aj <u>historick\u00fdm v\u00fdkladom vych\u00e1dzaj\u00facim z predch\u00e1dzaj\u00facej pr\u00e1vnej \u00fapravy in\u0161tit\u00fatu odporovate\u013enosti pr\u00e1vnych \u00fakonov, ktor\u00fd pod pojmom vym\u00e1hate\u013enos\u0165 rozumel vykonate\u013enos\u0165<\/u>. Ke\u010f u\u017e ustanovenie <a href=\"https:\/\/www.epi.sk\/form\/goto.ashx?t=27&amp;p=1172911&amp;f=2\"> 51 tzv. stredn\u00e9ho Ob\u010dianskeho z\u00e1konn\u00edka<\/a> upravovalo mo\u017enos\u0165 verite\u013ea, aby pred t\u00fdm, ako sa stane jeho poh\u013ead\u00e1vka vym\u00e1hate\u013enou, si vyhradil podanie odporu, a t\u00fdm zabr\u00e1nil, pri dlh\u0161ie trvaj\u00facom konan\u00ed o priznanie poh\u013ead\u00e1vky, uplynutiu lehoty na podanie odporovacej \u017ealoby. Ke\u010f\u017ee platn\u00fd <a href=\"https:\/\/www.epi.sk\/form\/goto.ashx?t=26&amp;p=1009669&amp;f=3\">Ob\u010diansky z\u00e1konn\u00edk<\/a> u\u017e tak\u00fato mo\u017enos\u0165 neupravuje, nepriazniv\u00e9mu d\u00f4sledku uplynutia prekluz\u00edvnej lehoty sk\u00f4r, ako si verite\u013e m\u00f4\u017ee obstara\u0165 vym\u00e1hate\u013en\u00fa poh\u013ead\u00e1vku v zmysle jej vykonate\u013enosti, mo\u017eno \u010deli\u0165 vyu\u017eit\u00edm procesn\u00e9ho in\u0161tit\u00fatu preru\u0161enia konania. S prihliadnut\u00edm na skuto\u010dnos\u0165, \u017ee pre vyhovenie odporovacej \u017ealobe je posta\u010duj\u00face, ak poh\u013ead\u00e1vka \u017ealuj\u00faceho verite\u013ea sa stane vym\u00e1hate\u013enou (vykonate\u013enou) v priebehu odporovacieho konania (v \u010dase rozhodovania s\u00fadu), preru\u0161enie konania o odporovacej \u017ealobe a\u017e do skon\u010denia konania, ktor\u00e9ho v\u00fdsledkom m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 vykonate\u013en\u00e1 poh\u013ead\u00e1vka, sa jav\u00ed ako vhodn\u00e9 a s\u00faladn\u00e9 so z\u00e1sadou spravodlivej ochrany pr\u00e1v. Ak teda v \u010dase rozhodovania s\u00fadu o odporovacej \u017ealobe poh\u013ead\u00e1vka \u017ealobcu (verite\u013ea) vo\u010di dl\u017en\u00edkovi e\u0161te nie je vym\u00e1hate\u013en\u00e1 a \u017ealobca sa dom\u00e1ha jej priznania v inom konan\u00ed, je spravidla dan\u00fd d\u00f4vod na preru\u0161enie konania o odporovacej \u017ealobe pod\u013ea \u00a7164 CSP.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><em>\u00a0<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong><em>Ku ktor\u00e9mu n\u00e1zorov\u00e9mu pr\u00fadu sa priklonil Ve\u013ek\u00fd sen\u00e1t Najvy\u0161\u0161ieho s\u00fadu SR a\u00a0ak\u00fdmi \u00favahami sa pri svojom verdikte spravoval?<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Ve\u013ek\u00fd sen\u00e1t NS SR \u00a0sa riadil nasledovn\u00fdmi \u00favahami:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Odporovate\u013enos\u0165 pr\u00e1vnych \u00fakonov je in\u0161tit\u00fat hmotn\u00e9ho pr\u00e1va upraven\u00fd v <a href=\"https:\/\/www.epi.sk\/form\/goto.ashx?t=27&amp;p=1350849&amp;f=3\"> 42a<\/a> a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.epi.sk\/form\/goto.ashx?t=27&amp;p=1350876&amp;f=3\">\u00a7 42b Ob\u010dianskeho z\u00e1konn\u00edka<\/a> a ne\u00fa\u010dinnos\u0165 pr\u00e1vneho \u00fakonu je hmotnopr\u00e1vnym n\u00e1sledkom ukracuj\u00faceho charakteru tohto konania. Len zo skuto\u010dnosti, \u017ee k uspokojeniu poh\u013ead\u00e1vky verite\u013ea d\u00f4jde a\u017e v exeku\u010dnom konan\u00ed, nemo\u017eno vyvodzova\u0165 z\u00e1ver, \u017ee vym\u00e1hate\u013enou poh\u013ead\u00e1vkou je poh\u013ead\u00e1vka vykonate\u013en\u00e1. Nemo\u017eno opomen\u00fa\u0165, \u017ee v pr\u00edpade \u00faspe\u0161nosti verite\u013ea v konan\u00ed o odporovacej \u017ealobe, m\u00f4\u017ee d\u00f4js\u0165 k dobrovo\u013en\u00e9mu plneniu dl\u017en\u00edka (a teda d\u00f4sledkom nemus\u00ed by\u0165 v\u00fdkon rozhodnutia &#8211; exek\u00facia). Niet sporu o tom, \u017ee \u00fa\u010delom odporovacej \u017ealoby je ochrana verite\u013ea. Interpret\u00e1cia vym\u00e1hate\u013enej poh\u013ead\u00e1vky pod\u013ea judikat\u00fary uvedenej v <a href=\"https:\/\/www.epi.sk\/form\/goto.ashx?t=40&amp;p=3931975\">R 44\/2001<\/a> nepochybne poskytuje verite\u013eovi \u0161ir\u0161iu ochranu, a to vo vz\u0165ahu ku v\u0161etk\u00fdm dospel\u00fdm poh\u013ead\u00e1vkam, ne\u017e interpret\u00e1cia \u201ev prospech poh\u013ead\u00e1vky vykonate\u013enej\u201c.<\/li>\n<li>V s\u00favislosti s historick\u00fdm v\u00fdkladom ve\u013ek\u00fd sen\u00e1t upozornil, \u017ee napriek po\u017eitiu pojmu vym\u00e1hate\u013en\u00e1 poh\u013ead\u00e1vka v <a href=\"https:\/\/www.epi.sk\/form\/goto.ashx?t=27&amp;p=1172911&amp;f=2\">\u00a7 51 stredn\u00e9ho Ob\u010dianskeho z\u00e1konn\u00edka<\/a> s v\u00fdznamom vykonate\u013enej poh\u013ead\u00e1vky, uveden\u00e9 z\u00e1konne ustanovenie s\u00fa\u010dasne upravovalo osobitn\u00fd in\u0161tit\u00fat na uplatnenie odporov\u00e9ho pr\u00e1va do \u010dasu vykonate\u013enosti poh\u013ead\u00e1vky tzv. v\u00fdhradu odporu. Hmotnopr\u00e1vna \u00faprava tak priamo poskytovala komplexn\u00fa ochranu verite\u013ea. V s\u00fa\u010dasnosti v\u0161ak verite\u013e nem\u00e1 k dispoz\u00edcii hmotnopr\u00e1vny in\u0161tit\u00fat umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00faci mu dosiahnutie identick\u00e9ho v\u00fdsledku ako v minulosti pri v\u00fdhrade uplatnenia odporu v zmysle ustanovenia <a href=\"https:\/\/www.epi.sk\/form\/goto.ashx?t=27&amp;p=1172911&amp;f=2\">\u00a7 51 stredn\u00e9ho Ob\u010dianskeho z\u00e1konn\u00edka<\/a>. Subsidi\u00e1rna mo\u017enos\u0165 vyu\u017eitia procesnopr\u00e1vneho in\u0161tit\u00fatu preru\u0161enia konania (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.epi.sk\/form\/goto.ashx?t=27&amp;p=4375091&amp;f=3\">\u00a7 162 ods. 1 p\u00edsm. a\/ CSP<\/a>) nie je dosta\u010duj\u00faca a z\u00e1rove\u0148 nesp\u013a\u0148a syst\u00e9mov\u00e9 po\u017eiadavky ochrany verite\u013ea obsiahnut\u00e9 v tradi\u010dn\u00fdch hmotnopr\u00e1vnych ustanoveniach objekt\u00edvneho odporov\u00e9ho pr\u00e1va.<\/li>\n<li>Svoj jednozna\u010dn\u00fd n\u00e1zor v\u00a0prospech interpretovania vym\u00e1hate\u013enej poh\u013ead\u00e1vky ako poh\u013ead\u00e1vky, ktor\u00fa mo\u017eno \u00faspe\u0161ne vym\u00e1ha\u0165 v\u00a0s\u00fadnom konan\u00ed, vyjadrila aj pr\u00e1vna doktr\u00edna v\u00a0stanovisk\u00e1ch jednotliv\u00fdch pr\u00e1vnick\u00fdch fak\u00falt, a\u00a0to konkr\u00e9tne:<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Pr\u00e1vnick\u00e1 fakulta Univerzity Komensk\u00e9ho v Bratislave vyslovila n\u00e1zor, pod\u013ea ktor\u00e9ho je legit\u00edmne interpretova\u0165 pojem \u201evym\u00e1hate\u013en\u00e1 poh\u013ead\u00e1vka\u201c pou\u017eit\u00fd v ustanoven\u00ed <a href=\"https:\/\/www.epi.sk\/form\/goto.ashx?t=27&amp;p=1350852&amp;f=3\">\u00a7 42a ods. 1 Ob\u010dianskeho z\u00e1konn\u00edka<\/a> v duchu rozhodnutia <a href=\"https:\/\/www.epi.sk\/form\/goto.ashx?t=40&amp;p=3931975\">R 44\/2001<\/a>. Pojem vym\u00e1hate\u013enos\u0165 treba vn\u00edma\u0165 v zmysle s\u00fadnej \u017ealovate\u013enosti poh\u013ead\u00e1vky. Vym\u00e1hate\u013enos\u0165 ako vlastnos\u0165 poh\u013ead\u00e1vky nastupuje e\u0161te pred jej vykonate\u013enos\u0165ou. Tento n\u00e1zor vyslovila na z\u00e1klade gramatick\u00e9ho, ako aj teleologick\u00e9ho v\u00fdkladu.<\/p>\n<p>Pr\u00e1vnick\u00e1 fakulta Trnavskej univerzity v Trnave uviedla, \u017ee argumenty vec prejedn\u00e1vaj\u00faceho sen\u00e1tu nie s\u00fa nato\u013eko jednozna\u010dn\u00e9, aby sa ustanovenie <a href=\"https:\/\/www.epi.sk\/form\/goto.ashx?t=27&amp;p=1350852&amp;f=3\">\u00a7 42a ods. 1 Ob\u010dianskeho z\u00e1konn\u00edka<\/a> vykladalo tak, \u017ee vym\u00e1hate\u013enou poh\u013ead\u00e1vkou je poh\u013ead\u00e1vka vykonate\u013en\u00e1. Vyslovila, \u017ee z jazykov\u00e9ho v\u00fdkladu vypl\u00fdva, \u017ee m\u00e1 \u00eds\u0165 o poh\u013ead\u00e1vku \u017ealovate\u013en\u00fa, pri\u010dom ani \u00fa\u010del z\u00e1kona, ani systematick\u00e9 s\u00favislosti, a ani po\u017eiadavka \u00fastavne s\u00faladn\u00e9ho v\u00fdkladu si odklon od doslovn\u00e9ho znenia z\u00e1kona nevy\u017eaduj\u00fa.<\/p>\n<p>Verdikt Ve\u013ek\u00e9ho sen\u00e1tu NS SR tak znel jasne! Vym\u00e1hate\u013en\u00e1 poh\u013ead\u00e1vka v zmysle ustanovenia <a href=\"https:\/\/www.epi.sk\/form\/goto.ashx?t=27&amp;p=1350852&amp;f=3\">\u00a7 42a odsek 1 Ob\u010dianskeho z\u00e1konn\u00edka<\/a> je poh\u013ead\u00e1vka, ktor\u00fa mo\u017eno \u00faspe\u0161ne vym\u00e1ha\u0165 v z\u00e1kladnom s\u00fadnom konan\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref1\" name=\"_ftn1\">[1]<\/a> <em>Vym\u00e1hate\u013en\u00fd je, pod\u013ea Slovn\u00edka slovensk\u00e9ho jazyka vydan\u00e9ho vo vydavate\u013estve SAV Bratislava v roku 1965 alebo pod\u013ea Kr\u00e1tkeho slovn\u00edka slovensk\u00e9ho jazyka vydan\u00e9ho vo vydavate\u013estve Veda v roku 1989, tak\u00fd, \u201ektor\u00fd mo\u017eno na z\u00e1klade pr\u00e1vneho n\u00e1roku \u017eiada\u0165, z\u00edska\u0165, vydoby\u0165 a pod.\u201c, teda \u201e\u010do mo\u017eno vym\u00e1ha\u0165\u201c.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref2\" name=\"_ftn2\">[2]<\/a> <em>Naproti tomu vykonate\u013en\u00fd je pod\u013ea prv\u00e9ho z uveden\u00fdch slovn\u00edkov tak\u00fd, \u201ektor\u00fd m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 uskuto\u010dnen\u00fd, vykonan\u00fd\u201c, pri\u010dom sa tu v\u00fdslovne odkazuje na slovn\u00e9 spojenia \u201ekonate\u013en\u00e1 listina, vykonate\u013en\u00e9 rozhodnutie, vykonate\u013en\u00fd rozsudok\u201c.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref3\" name=\"_ftn3\">[3]<\/a> <em>R 44\/2001<\/em><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref4\" name=\"_ftn4\">[4]<\/a> Rozhodnutie NS SR sp. zn. 6Cdo\/253\/2012 zo 17.decembra 2013<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>&nbsp; Ako u\u017e nadpis napoved\u00e1, v tomto \u010dl\u00e1nku sa budeme venova\u0165 v\u00fdkladu pojmu \u201evym\u00e1hate\u013en\u00e1 poh\u013ead\u00e1vka\u201c a to v kontexte odporovate\u013en\u00e9ho pr\u00e1vneho \u00fakonu. Vych\u00e1dza\u0165 pritom budeme zo z\u00e1verov rozhodnutia Ve\u013ek\u00e9ho sen\u00e1tu Najvy\u0161\u0161ieho s\u00fadu Slovenskej republiky sp. zn. 1Vdo\/1\/2022 zo d\u0148a 17.5.2022, R \u010d\u00edslo: 2\/2022. Pr\u00e1vne \u00fakony dl\u017en\u00edka, pokia\u013e ukracuj\u00fa uspokojenie vym\u00e1hate\u013enej poh\u013ead\u00e1vky verite\u013ea, m\u00f4\u017eu by\u0165 verite\u013eom&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":1344,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1343","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uncategorized-sk"],"yoast_head":"<title>Pojem &quot;vym\u00e1hate\u013en\u00e1 poh\u013ead\u00e1vka&quot; a rozdiely v jeho interpret\u00e1cii - BOOM &amp; SMART<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/boomandsmart.com\/pojem-vymahatelna-pohladavka-a-rozdiely-v-jeho-interpretacii\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"sk_SK\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Pojem &quot;vym\u00e1hate\u013en\u00e1 poh\u013ead\u00e1vka&quot; a rozdiely v jeho interpret\u00e1cii - BOOM &amp; SMART\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"&nbsp; Ako u\u017e nadpis napoved\u00e1, v tomto \u010dl\u00e1nku sa budeme venova\u0165 v\u00fdkladu pojmu \u201evym\u00e1hate\u013en\u00e1 poh\u013ead\u00e1vka\u201c a to v kontexte odporovate\u013en\u00e9ho pr\u00e1vneho \u00fakonu. 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